horses diseases

horses diseases

 

   1.Strangles:

                   It is a severe disease in which the horse is sluggish and high temperature (40 ° C), and less appetite for food, with inflammation of the mucosa and transudate of the nostrils and the colour of mucus becomes green or greenish yellow sticky thick. This is followed by a painful swelling in the lymph nodes of the lower jaw and after 3 days, the tumor disappears, after it opens on its own or during an operation that excludes Pus and ulcers, which is rich in bacterium causing the disease.

Once the abscess bursts or opens, the temperature drops and the animal returns to normal activity. This disease can be prevented by isolating the infected horse immediately to prevent the spread of the disease and the injection of healthy horses with a special vaccine against the disease and cleans the feeders and stables from the secretions of the pus, and each horse is allocated a pot for his own drink.

 

 

   2.Glanders:

                  It is an infectious disease of horses, and can be transmitted to humans from the infected animals.

And symptoms appear only after the exacerbation of the disease horse. Fever, high temperature, frequent urination, as well as transudate of the nostrils accompanied by a cold tumor in the lower jaw of the lymphoma.

The disease may take a sharp turn, the animal have shivers and high temperature, may also appear abscesses under the skin, and then the horse dies after a few days.

 

  1. Tetanus:

    Symptoms of the disease:

      It appears with cramps in all the muscles that often starts in the head, sometimes in the back of the animal's body, and then develops quickly or slowly.

Because of the spasm of the head muscles chewing becomes difficult while eating, as well as runny saliva, followed by spasm of the ears muscles as well as eyes and nose and swallowing muscles. The contraction of the neck, back, and tail muscles causes the animal to have a straight, rigid posture that makes the head, neck and back straight, Sometimes the neck and back stiffen back, and rarely forward and down or to the side.

During the period of illness, the horse keeps its appetite. However, he cannot chew, or swallow. The temperature and the pulse are initially normal, but they eventually get worse and the temperature reaches 42 ° 43 just before death.

Prevention of the disease:

  The horse gains immunity against the disease as follows:

    In the case of the spread of the disease in certain numbers of horses, all horses are injected with the toxide, and this syringe remains in effect for a full year, and on this basis becomes a toxin injection is required every year once. This is if the second injection does not gain lifelong immunity from the disease.

When the pony reaches five or six months, the toxin injection is given under the skin for general prevention, the horse can gain immunity against the disease if the horse is given a toxin injection in the final weeks of pregnancy.

Treatment of tetanus disease:

   - Killing the microbe causing the disease by injecting the horse with antibiotics, especially penicillin with anti-oxidant injection.

   - Poison neutralization: This is done by injecting the serum at large doses every 24 hours for several days, and the dose is divided to inject intravenously and then in the muscle and then under the skin.

   - Relaxing muscles contraction. The aim is to prevent animal death from suffocation and to maintain muscle relaxation in order to be able to neutralize the toxides. Different sedatives are used injected to vein, the joint, and some anesthetic gases can be used.

   - Treatment therapy: In case the animal reaches the critical condition where it is difficult to eat or drink, Resorted to feeding by gastric and Injection of food solutions and salt solutions.

  - Clean the wound after detecting its place and inject it with an toxoid around the wound.

  In all cases, the horse should be placed in a quiet, dark place with a mattress to protect it from injury ,

 By eating contaminated food or drink. They occur frequently on board ship when animals are charged; the risk of this disease lies in secondary attacks that include Streptococci and staphylococci, and pasteurelles, bacillus blue pus.

  1. Infectious anemia and virus causing it:

The disease does not have an effective treatment, so take the following actions:  

-The execution of all the horses that prove infected with the disease.

- Isolate horses prone to infection, and examined them in a laboratory to prove their safety and not transmitted to the virus causing the disease.

- Isolate the animal for 45 days and record its temperature twice daily.

- get rid of insects and flies.

 

  1. Salmonella abortus equi:

  For the prevention of this disease are the following:

  - Preventing the occurrence of the disease, using the bacterium for this type of salmonella, is given to pregnant mare in the fourth, fifth month of pregnancy. A second dose is recommended in the ninth month.

      If abortion occurs and the disease is confirmed, the following should be done:

      - Isolate infected horses for a specified period until the virus dies.

      - Healthy disposal of aborted fetus, and embryonic membranes because they are a source of infection.

      - Fully disinfect the place where the birth took place, and burn the birth residues. (Brush and other tools).

 

  1. Equine encephalitis virus and spinal cord viral:

It is a contagious disease, Infects horses, it is characterized by inflammation of Brain and spinal cord, and this leads to weakness and loss of sense, irritation, paralysis, and high Mortality rate.

The disease is caused by a virus of the group of viruses Arbo, and the virus has three insects Eastern, Western and Venezuelan, Eastern is the most vicious insects, where the mortality rate of up to 90%.

Mosquitoes, ticks, scabies, chicken lice and other Blood-sucking insects transmit the disease; Infection is also transmitted, in direct contact with healthy and sick animals. Wild birds are the main source of infection, from which insects transmit infection to horses and humans.

 

  1. Encephalitis:

   It is a contagious disease, Infects horses, it is characterized by inflammation of Brain and spinal cord, and this leads to weakness and loss of sense, irritation, paralysis, and high Mortality rate.

The disease is caused by a virus of the group of viruses Arbo, and the virus has three insects Eastern, Western and Venezuelan, Eastern is the most vicious insects, where the mortality rate of up to 90%.

Mosquitoes, ticks, scabies, chicken lice and other Blood-sucking insects transmit the disease; Infection is also transmitted, in direct contact with healthy and sick animals. Wild birds are the main source of infection, from which insects transmit infection to horses and humans.

  The most important factors predisposing to the disease:

  • The better the animal's general condition, the greater the resistance of the animal to the disease and can be cured when the disease occurs.
  • Place of residence plays an important role, clean housing without insects, Helps not spread and transmission the infection and vice versa.
  • Infection with this disease is frequent in seasons where Blood-sucking insects are active.

 

  Symptoms of this disease:

- The incubation period ranges from 1 to 3 weeks and starts with a fever of about 4 days.

- Fever is accompanied by lethargy, loss of appetite and constipation, then jaundice.

- Neurological symptoms begin with loss of balance, movement disorder, paralysis of the lips, pharynx, bladder, and back legs, and the animal walks in a circle, disruption of his vision and then blindness, which leads to the collision of the animal with all the corresponding things.

- Occasionally severe irritation, hypersensitivity, in some cases similar to raging rabies and the animal shows muscle movements such as shoulder shivering, and often erect penis.

- This is followed by loss of sense, paralysis or the animal cannot lift its head, tries to rest on fixed objects, and throws its weight on its front legs.

- The animal gets dizzy too much, falling to the ground, makes violent and rapid movements with its legs, then the temperature drops to its normal rate and below it then the horse dies.

 

 

  The treatment:

- Treatment of the animal using a high-immune serum, considered the only effective treatment, is given in a dose of 500 cm 3.

- The animal should be fed nutritious and laxative food through gastric.

- For prevention and immunization use a vaccine containing the Eastern or Western insect or both and given the vaccine within the dermis in two doses at an interval of a week to protect the animal for a full year.

 

 

 

  1. Diseases of the legs or movement system:

These diseases arise from internal or external causes.

The internal causes are due to some diseases such as Bejel disease, which ends paralysis or be caused by lack of nutrition.

The external causes: the most important of these reasons: impacts, blows, falls and slips that often lead to bruises or fractures or greenstick fracture in the bone

It creates temporary or chronic limp, after which the animal is no longer fit for work

When experiencing such accidents, the horse must be stopped from working and the doctor must be informed.

The most important diseases affecting the foot and hoof:

Wrist chap:

it's cracks occur in the end of the wrist, and It gets either from poor hygiene or from staying in a damp place, or the friction of the halter with the wrist and others...For the treatment of this injury the cause should be removed, then cut the hair around the cracks, and clean it from dirt and filth ,then apply on it a methylene blue solution daily, or one of the ointments laxative until healing.

Road Stud:

It is a foreign object within the foot, after being pierced behind the plate, and arises from severe limp. In this case this body should be withdrawn from the hoof, and then washed with lukewarm water, and if the lameness remains the same the veterinarian must be informed.

disintegration of the eagles:

Decaying or rotting eagle, It slough from the foot flesh, Especially from the bottom of the hoof bottom, It produces a very brown smelling pyoderma, When these symptoms appear, the animal owner should open well between the two eagle divisions, And to remove the sloughed hoof, and Wash the wound with lukewarm water, Then cleaned with one of the disinfectants and if the eagle heals painted tar, especially the sides of the bottom, and it should be noticed that the insole is not tight, Or pressed against the eagle. 

 

Worm infection:

Treatment of worm-infected horses must be speeded up to get rid of them completely as soon as possible. Because all the feeding done to the horse infected with these worms go to waste and help their reproduction

The most harmful of worms to the horse is: 

Blood sucking worms:

It can invade most parts of the horse's body and is not limited to the intestines and stomach only.

Tapeworm:

This worm lives in the intestines, and interferes heavily with the horse's nutrition. It lives on food and food provided to the horse. Thus, the horse infected with tapeworm suffers from a lack of protein and iron, in addition to this worm works to irritate the stomach and change the juices and secretions.

Ascaris worm:

It attacks young horses especially, and lives mainly in the intestines, and inside the stomach to absorb digested food.       

- These worms are treated by giving the horse special medicines for each worm. After a simple stool analysis to identify the type of worm infested, or by watching it by naked eye in the stool.

 

It must be said that the presence of worms in the digestive system helps and irritates the digestive tube, which causes Colitis in the horse. In the case of Inaction with treatment, the disease intensifies until it reaches the maximum severity That would eliminate the horse, and there is a type of worms must be eliminated as soon as they appear due to the seriousness of the matter to the life of the horse.

 

 

 

 

  1. Wounds arising from the saddle devices:

These wounds arise from the friction of the saddle tips on the horse's body, because the saddle does not match the horseback, or not tightly tightened, or not knowing the initial principles for horse riding. Moreover, these wounds are either open, or closed, Closed wounds are called bruises, Open wounds, like other wounds, are treated with a methylene blue solution daily.

 

 

  1. Colic:

One of the most important of these symptoms is the pain, which is mild, and the animal shows signs of anxiety, so it hits the ground with its feet and looks a lot at its side. In addition, it aches and his back arched, and sometimes urination stops during colic attacks.

Breathing sometimes accelerates or is normal. It also speeds up the pulse if the colic is severe. It stays strong if colic tends to heal, if the colic weakened, this harbinger of death. The animal may sweat partly or completely.

The reasons for this disease are due to lack of observance of health rules, Like giving irregular food batches Or not good distributed and The horse with colic is treated by placing it in a wide area where there are no bumps, And refrain from tilting the horse, The horse's sides should be rubbed with olive oil and turpentine by 2-3 percentage and cover the horse's body.

 

 

  1. Cancer:

Its symptoms:

To see in his hands, in his legs, or in both excessive bump at the hairy, and if touched by hand it pains the horse and its bumps increase or the horse limping from it if not treated.

 

Its cause:

What is set up for it from veins or shock from a stone or both.

 

Its treatment:

at the beginning of its way out the Scalpel Comes out so its slitted a small slit Then insert in the effect of the scalpel after its exit a needle until it reaches the position of water, so the needle is there with its temperature, That water dissolves and all comes out in its effect and then brings what remains of it, If cleaned, take a piece of asphalt and dissolve it with a little yellow wax and then paste it on the injured site, He grabs the cutter and the white wool and if he wants a blade then put lukewarm Celtic on it , so its healed.

 

 


Comments/ 0


LEAVE A COMMENT