Reproduction in horses

Reproduction in horses

The ability to work has been the main determinant of horse breeding for a long period of time, and this, of course, explains the relatively low fertility of horses, which makes it one of the least fertile farm animals in general. Fertility rates for horses reached 90% when they lived in their wildlife before domestication at the time they were grazing in groups of 30-40 horses led by a sturdy and fertile stallion in a fertile pasture and unexhausted environment. At that time, reproduction habits governed by nature prevailed, and were not controlled by man from near or far. The desires of modern man have become horses and the variability of these desires are important factors that have influenced the breeding and improvement of this animal.If man wants to acquire horses for sport and racing, he would prefer, if scientifically possible, the sexually incompetent animal until his total energy is limited to sports and race. If man wanted to raise horses for the purpose of production and sale of production, his total interest was limited to bringing the animal to the highest possible fertility rates, human desires even affected the natural requirements of the horse. The use of horses in racing and other sports has led to the continued keenness to keep all natural influences from the animal, especially in sensitive times during sports.


Breeding season

In fact, there is considerable variation in the breeding season for horses, both for males and for females.

Reproduction in males:
Stallion can be used for vaccination throughout the year. In other words, semen can be collected from the stallion throughout the year.

Reproduction in females:
The female reproductive cycle is more variable than other animals. While some females are considered multi-yearly, they can give birth at any time of the year, but the vast majority of females are considered to be seasonal multi-cycle species, meaning they can only give birth in specific seasons. It has been observed that females fed only green fodder are sexually active in the pasture boom season; they return to sexual inactivity at the end of the pasture season. Females who live in barns with adequate food throughout the year are also sexually active throughout the year, which indicates that female sexuality is linked to the surrounding environmental conditions.

 

Pregnancy

Horses are considered to be single births (give one child at birth). Pregnancy ranges from 336 days to 342 days, although the length of pregnancy in horses is highly variable. 95% of females give birth after a pregnancy of 320 to 355 days. The female can delay the date of birth for a certain period until she feels safe and make sure that she is not monitored and find the appropriate place to give birth.This is one of the habits that she still keeps from living wild, which required the animal to be vigilant and anticipate for fear of the appearance of natural enemies.


Sexual maturity

Horses mature sexually at the age of 12-18 months, but are not used in breeding and reproduction at this age. Preferably used for breeding when you reach the age of three years. Of course, providing the right environmental factors for the animal such as nutrition, health care, etc., plays an important role in determining the appropriate date for vaccination in horses.

Race horses are usually teething on the basis of the beginning of January of the year they were born, and this of course leads to the possibility of being used for vaccination at the age of two years and not three years.

It is preferable to separate females from males at the age of 8-10 months for fear of early undesirable vaccinations if the animals are left together to reach the age of 12 months.


Estrus cycles

Estrus is the libido of a female horse.Stuttering begins in mares when she is 12 - 15 months of age, and estrus cycles are repeated at intervals of every 21 days on average (approximately 10 - 37 days). The length of the estrus itself is on average about five days (varies between one day - 37 days). Sometimes foals remain in a rut for up to about two months at the beginning of spring, especially in the firstborn foals.

It was observed on Arabian horses that estrus cycles ranged from 14 to 43 days, with an average of about 24 days, and estrus lasts from 1 to 6 days in most mares, with an average of about 4 days. Estrus cycles and periods are influenced by several factors.

Studies have shown that the emergence of eroticism in Arabian horses is contingent not only on lighting hours, but also on reacting to prevailing weather temperatures.

Semester: The course lasts in summer, and shortens in winter.

Age: The length of the cycle increases as the mare increases obesity.

Some pathological causes.


Fertilization

Vaccination of the common mare in itself is not a guarantee of fertilization of the egg. It must be done in a timely manner that actually enables the sperm to reach and fertilize the egg.

As a result of natural insemination, the male sperm descends into the female's uterus, where it begins to move upwards to the top of the mare's reproductive system.

The egg is fertilized from a sperm in the upper part of the ovary if the conditions for fertilization are met. In order for fertilization to be successful, there must be a set of sensitive time relationships that must occur, otherwise the process of fertilization will not be final. It is known that sperm need about 5 hours to reach the right place to fertilize at the top of the ovary canal; they can retain their vitality for 24 to 30 hours at most. For an egg, its lifespan may not exceed about five hours from the time of ovulation. This means that in order for fertilization to occur, vaccination is required

Within 20 - 24 hours before ovulation occurs.

The length of the mare in the mare ranges from about 5-8 days in normal conditions, while the egg can be released during a period that begins one day before the occurrence of the common and ends one day after the occurrence of the common. Therefore, in order to obtain the highest fertility rate, it is recommended that the mare be vaccinated daily, or at least day after day, throughout the period of estrus to ensure the success of the process.


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